All ingredients

Cats need no mushrooms, so cooked chopped shiitake is at most a tiny taste experience and adds almost nothing they require.

Most cats are lactose intolerant and milk causes diarrhoea; using milk as a regular extra can also crowd out the main diet and cause nutritional imbalance.

An animal protein and omega-3 source cats accept readily, useful as a wet-food topper or appetite enticement.

Cats have very little need for grains; oats can cause bloating or loose stools and add no required nutrition.

An animal protein source cats accept readily, useful as a wet-food topper or appetite stimulant.

Cats can eat a small amount as a low-calorie treat with some extra water content.

Cats are more sensitive to Allium plants; even small amounts can cause oxidative damage to red blood cells and anaemia.

Provides a small amount of water-soluble fibre and vitamin C as an occasional treat.

Cats need no mushrooms, so cooked chopped enoki is only a tiny novel treat.

Cats are sensitive to lactose too, so yoghurt should only be an occasional tiny amount and offers no required nutrition.

Cats tolerate fatty foods poorly, peanuts offer no required nutrition, and the choking and mould risks apply just as much.

An animal protein source cats accept readily, useful as a wet-food topper or appetite enticement.

Cats are sensitive to glycoalkaloids, so leaves and green fruit must be avoided entirely; ripe flesh is not recommended as a routine treat either.

Cats are more sensitive to onion: their smaller body weight and shorter red cell lifespan mean even small amounts can cause marked anaemia.

Cooked egg yolk is a protein and fat source most cats accept readily, useful as an occasional topper (for example mixed into wet food).

A small amount works as a soft-textured treat; the potassium offers no particular benefit to a healthy cat.

**Cats are obligate carnivores**, so essentials such as taurine must come from animal tissue; tofu is neither a need nor a protein source. Tofu itself is mild, but **soy is a common allergen** and fried or mapo versions add oil, salt, chilli and garlic.

Beef is an animal protein cats accept readily and can be shredded as a wet-food topper or an appetite enticement.

Cats tolerate fatty food poorly and cheese is both fatty and salty, so it should only be an occasional tiny piece.

Cats fed tuna long term become fussy and end up with an unbalanced diet short of nutrients such as taurine; oil-packed, brine-packed and salad-style cans are too salty and fatty, and mercury accumulates in large fish.

Cats are more sensitive to Allium plants, and even very small amounts may cause oxidative red cell damage and anaemia.

A steamed floret can serve as an occasional vegetable treat adding a little fibre and water.

A low-calorie, water-rich treat; cats cannot taste sweetness but some accept the texture.

Cats tolerate fatty foods poorly; nuts commonly cause diarrhoea and vomiting and offer no nutritional benefit.

Cats need no mushrooms, so a little cooked chopped oyster mushroom is at most a tiny novel treat with almost no calories.

An easily accepted lean protein, useful as a wet-food topper or to tempt a cat with a poor appetite.

A lean white fish protein that cats accept readily and that is very low in fat, handy as a wet-food topper or appetite enticement.

Butter is almost pure fat for cats as well, and cats tolerate fatty food poorly - it can cause diarrhoea and even pancreatitis.

Cats tolerate fat poorly and cashews are about 44% fat, so even a few can cause vomiting and diarrhoea; cashews are not part of a cat's required diet.

Cats are more sensitive to Allium plants, and even very small amounts can cause oxidative red cell damage and anaemia.

An occasional low-calorie treat adding a little water and fibre.

A small amount of cooked pumpkin provides fibre and water and is usually well accepted.

Cats do not need grains, so a teaspoon of cooked brown rice is at most a novel treat adding a little carbohydrate and fibre.

Most cats are lactose intolerant, so goat milk causes diarrhoea and gas, and using it regularly crowds out the main diet; **kittens need mother's milk or a dedicated cat milk replacer, never goat milk**.

Cats need no legumes, so crushed, shelled, well-cooked edamame is at most a novel treat with a trace of plant protein and fibre.

Duck is fatty, and cats tolerate fat poorly, so larger servings cause vomiting and loose stools and may trigger pancreatitis; keep it to rare, tiny pieces.

Cilantro offers cats no nutritional value, at most a leaf that smells interesting.

Cats love fish, but canned sardines are high in both salt and oil, and regular feeding encourages fussiness and an unbalanced diet; the small bones are still a choking risk.

An occasional hydrating treat; cats often enjoy the crisp texture.

Can serve as an occasional low-calorie treat adding a little water and fibre.

Cats have no need for grains, so a quarter teaspoon of soft cooked quinoa is at most a novel garnish with a little carbohydrate and fibre.

An easily accepted lean protein, useful as a wet-food topper or to tempt a cat with a poor appetite.

Cats are sensitive to lactose too, so kefir should only ever be a rare tiny amount, as more simply means diarrhoea and gas; **flavoured versions may carry sugar or xylitol**, which is unsafe for cats as well, and kefir offers a cat no required nutrition.

**Cats are obligate carnivores, so legumes serve no nutritional purpose for them**; raw or partly cooked beans hold lectins that cause vomiting and diarrhoea, so chickpeas must be cooked soft and mashed into wet food, and whole beans also choke.

Cats are more sensitive to irritants, so **large or concentrated ginger causes mouth and gut irritation** with vomiting, pain and loose stools; **ginger candy, tea and drinks add sugar a cat does not need**, and cats have no use for ginger.

A little cooked, shelled clam meat is usually fine for cats, but raw shellfish carries a high bacterial risk and canned or seasoned clams are far too salty; shellfish are also a common allergen.

Cats are obligate carnivores, so spinach offers no required nutrition and contains oxalate; with urinary disease common in cats, it is best avoided.

Cats are especially sensitive to citrus oils; peel and essential oils can cause drooling, vomiting and lethargy.

**Cats are obligate carnivores, so legumes serve no nutritional purpose for them**; **raw lentils hold lectins that cause vomiting and diarrhoea**, and their fibre promotes gas, so keep lentils to a rare small amount cooked soft and mashed into wet food.

Cats are more sensitive to irritating spices, and **piperine irritates the mouth and gut**, causing drooling, vomiting and pain; **whole peppercorns are a choking risk**; a cat needs no seasoning, and **piperine supplements and concentrates are off limits**.

**Cream is roughly 36% fat**, and cats tolerate fatty food poorly, so it can cause diarrhoea and even pancreatitis; cream also contains lactose, so it **should not be given as a treat**.

Tripe is an organ meat: raw tripe carries pathogen risks that apply to cats eating raw meat too, generous organ meat unbalances the diet, and commercial honeycomb tripe is usually bleached and seasoned, which suits cats even less.

Raw oysters carry the same Vibrio and norovirus risk and may hold heavy metals; a little thoroughly cooked oyster meat is usually fine for cats, but shellfish are a common allergen and seasoned oysters or oyster sauce are far too salty.

Cats tolerate fatty treats poorly, so too many sunflower seeds cause loose stools; shells add a choking risk, and salty seeds are a bigger burden for a small animal.

An occasional hydrating nibble with almost no calories, though many cats just bat it around.

Poisoning is reported mainly in dogs and rarely in cats, but because kidney injury is possible, cats should not be fed grapes or raisins either.

**Cats are obligate carnivores, so legumes serve no nutritional purpose**; **raw or partly cooked beans hold lectins that cause severe vomiting and diarrhoea**, and the fibre brings gas, so keep them to a rare small amount, cooked soft and mashed.

Cats are especially sensitive to essential oils, so **cinnamon oil must be avoided completely**: its cinnamaldehyde irritates the mouth and gut, causing drooling, vomiting and pain; **a lot of powder irritates the gut too**; a cat has no need for this spice.

A little thoroughly cooked scallop meat is usually fine for cats, but raw shellfish carries the same bacterial and biotoxin risks and self-harvested ones should never be fed; shellfish are a common allergen, and butter or garlic versions are too salty.

Cats are especially sensitive to vitamin A, so regular or large liver servings cause vitamin A to accumulate and lead to joint and bone problems.

Cats handle fatty foods poorly, so hazelnuts can cause digestive upset; whole nuts are a choking risk, the mycotoxin concern is the same, and cats gain nothing from them.

A tiny piece of seeded, stemmed bell pepper can be offered as a trial treat with a little vitamin C.

A small piece adds water and fibre as an occasional treat.

Mussels pose the same food-safety problem for cats: raw shellfish can carry Vibrio and concentrate algal biotoxins, and self-harvested ones are unpredictable; cooked meat is usually fine, but shellfish are a common allergen and seasoned ones are too salty.

Cats are especially sensitive to menthol, so **essential oil, mints and mint products can be toxic or strongly irritating**, and the xylitol in gum causes low blood sugar and liver injury; cats with reflux, seizures or liver disease should skip mint.

Cats tolerate fat poorly and pistachios are about 45% fat, so even a few kernels can cause vomiting and diarrhoea; whole nuts and shells are a choking risk, and pistachios add nothing a cat needs.

Cats are just as vulnerable to raw meat and fatty food: raw hearts carry gut bacteria, and their fat and cholesterol mean frequent or larger servings cause loose stools, vomiting and possibly pancreatitis; a whole heart can also choke a cat.

An occasional low-calorie nibble that adds water and a little fibre.

Peach pits are toxic to cats too (cyanogenic compounds) and carry an obstruction risk; cats do not need fruit, so it is best avoided altogether.

Cats can also develop acute liver failure from amatoxins, and their smaller size lowers tolerance.

Basil gives cats no nutrition, at most a fresh-smelling leaf to sniff.

A lean white fish protein that cats accept readily and that is very low in fat, handy as a wet-food topper or appetite enticement.

Cats are just as sensitive to fatty organ meat: raw heart can carry pathogens, and its fat and cholesterol mean larger or frequent servings cause loose stools, vomiting and possibly pancreatitis; a whole piece can also choke a cat.

Cats handle fatty treats poorly, so too many pumpkin seeds cause loose stools or diarrhoea; whole seeds in the shell can choke or pass undigested, and salty seeds are a bigger burden for a small animal.

Cats need no fruit, so a small piece of pineapple is at most a novel treat with a little vitamin C and water.

A few cooked kernels make an occasional treat with a little fibre, although cats have no dietary need for grains.

Parsley has no nutritional meaning for cats, at most a leaf that smells fresh.

A lean white fish protein cats accept readily and that is very low in fat, handy as a wet-food topper or appetite enticement.

Beef kidney is high in both vitamin A and purines, so regular or generous servings can build vitamin A up to toxic levels and add a uric acid load; cats with kidney disease or a urate-related history should avoid it, and raw kidney carries pathogens.

A small piece works as an occasional treat with a little extra vitamins and water.

A small amount of mashed cooked sweet potato adds fibre, and it is occasionally used by vets as a fibre source for mildly loose stools.

Reported cases are almost all in dogs and data for cats are limited; with no reliable safety basis, they should not be fed at all.

Goose is fatty and cats tolerate fat poorly, so a larger serving brings vomiting and loose stools and may trigger pancreatitis; keep it to rare, tiny pieces with skin and bone removed.

Rosemary gives cats no nutrition, at most a small fresh-smelling sprig to sniff.

Cats handle fat poorly and sesame is about 50% fat, so even a pinch can cause vomiting, loose stools and possibly pancreatitis; whole seeds pass undigested, and **sesame is a common cat allergen as well**.

An oily fish protein most cats accept easily, handy as a wet-food topper or to tempt a poor appetite, though it is far more calorie-dense than white fish.

A small piece works as an occasional treat with a little vitamin C and water.

A small amount of cooked green bean adds fibre as an occasional vegetable treat.

Thyme has no nutritional meaning for cats, at most a leaf that smells fresh.

A little well-cooked crab meat is usually fine for cats, but shell, gills and gut must all be removed: fragments can injure or block the gut and raw crab carries bacteria and parasites. Crab is also a common allergen, and seasoned dishes suit cats even less.

The **cyanogenic glycosides** in flaxseed are a safety issue for cats too, especially raw seed or large amounts; cats are carnivores with no need for flaxseed, and its high fibre easily causes loose stools and bloating.

Cats barely need vegetables, so a little thoroughly cooked eggplant is at most a novel nibble with some fibre.

Cherry pits are toxic to cats as well and carry an obstruction risk; cats do not need fruit, so it is best avoided.

A lean white-fish protein cats accept readily, handy as a wet-food topper or to tempt a poor appetite.

**Turmeric supplements, with concentrated curcumin and black pepper extract, have no safety basis for cats**: they interact with drugs and may stress the gut and liver, and **a lot of the powder upsets the stomach too**, so a cat has no need for this spice.

**Dry chia is risky for cats too**: the seeds swell into a gel and can block the oesophagus; cats are carnivores with no need for chia, and its heavy fibre load easily loosens the stool and bloats the gut.

Cats need no vegetables, so a little cooked chopped cabbage is at most a novel treat with some fibre.

Cats must not eat plum pits or leaves either, and the flesh offers no required nutrition, so it is best avoided entirely.

A lean white-fish protein cats accept readily, useful as a wet-food topper or to tempt a poor appetite.

Cats tolerate fat poorly and pine nuts are about 68% fat, so even a few kernels can cause vomiting and diarrhoea; whole nuts and shells are a choking risk, and pine nuts add nothing a cat needs.

Cats need no vegetables, so one tiny thoroughly cooked floret is at most a novel treat.

High in water and low in calories, so it works as an occasional hydrating treat.

Cats have very little need for grains, so a small spoon of soft cooked buckwheat is at most a novel treat with a little carbohydrate and fibre.

**Squid is just as chewy for cats, and a whole piece or large chunk easily chokes or blocks the oesophagus**, so it must be cooked through and cut very small; raw squid carries parasites and bacteria, and cephalopods are a common allergen.

Cats do not need vegetables, so a little cooked yam is at most a novel treat with some fibre.

The rind and membranes irritate the gut and can obstruct it in cats too, and cats need no fruit; the seeds are also a choking risk.

**Octopus is just as chewy for cats, and a whole piece or large chunk easily chokes or blocks the oesophagus**, so it must be cooked through and cut very small; raw octopus carries parasites and bacteria, and cephalopods are a common allergen.

Cats have very little need for grains, so a small spoon of cooked-soft millet is at most a novel treat with a little carbohydrate.

Cats have no need for vegetables, so a little thoroughly cooked lotus root is at most a novel treat with some fibre.

Tannins in persimmon can form a bezoar and block the gut in cats as well, and cats need no fruit, so it is best avoided.

**Raw herring carries the same parasite and bacterial risks for cats and must always be cooked**; **salted, pickled and smoked herring are extremely salty**, and the oily flesh easily causes diarrhoea and can trigger pancreatitis.

Cats do not need vegetables, so a little cooked okra is at most a novel treat with a bit of fibre.

A small piece of ripe flesh works as an occasional treat with a little extra vitamins and water.

**Almost all anchovies sold are salted or oil-packed and extremely salty**, and a heavy salt load poisons cats; **raw anchovies carry the same parasite and bacterial risks for cats**, and fish is a common allergen, so start tiny.

Cats do not need vegetables, so a little cooked asparagus is at most a novel treat with some fibre.

An occasional low-calorie fruit treat adding a little fibre and water.

Shell and claw fragments cut or block a cat's gut just as easily, and raw lobster carries bacteria and parasites, so it must be cooked and shelled; lobster is a common allergen and a cat can react severely, so start with a tiny amount.

Cats need no vegetables, so a small piece of cooked zucchini is at most a novel treat with a little water and potassium.

An occasional low-calorie treat adding a little fibre and water.

**Kelp is very high in iodine**, and a cat's small body leaves little room for a surplus, so regular or large servings disturb thyroid function; **cats with thyroid disease must avoid it**, and salted kelp strips and kelp soup add a salt load too.

Cats need no vegetables, so one small piece of cooked chopped kale is at most a novel treat with a little fibre.

Cats need no fruit, so one or two blackberries are at most a novel treat with a little fibre and water.

**Laver (nori) is likewise very high in iodine**, and a cat's small body tolerates little surplus, so regular or large amounts disturb thyroid function and **cats with thyroid disease must avoid it**; **seasoned nori snacks bring salt, sugar and oil** on top.

Cats do not need vegetables, so a little cooked beetroot is at most a novel treat with a bit of fibre.

Cats need no fruit, so half to one halved fresh cranberry is at most a novel treat.

Raw sprouts can carry bacteria for cats too, and cats are carnivores that have no need for vegetables, while the accompanying salt, oil and garlic add further risk.

Cats tolerate high-fat food poorly; the fat in the flesh may trigger pancreatitis and gastrointestinal upset, and persin in pit, skin and leaves is also unsuitable.

Cucurbitacin-type compounds in bitter melon irritate a cat's gut too and can cause vomiting and diarrhoea; cats need no vegetables and have no reason to eat it.

Cats are likewise prone to diarrhoea from high-fat foods, and coconut is not a required food for them.

Cats need no vegetables, so one small piece of thoroughly cooked chopped sprout is at most a novel treat with a little fibre.

Cats are especially sensitive to citrus oils, and limonene in the peel and essential oil can cause drooling, vomiting and lethargy; the acidic flesh also irritates the gut.

Cats need no vegetables, so a short piece or two of cooked chopped pod is at most a novel treat with a little fibre.

Cats are especially sensitive to citrus oils, and the limonene in the peel and essential oil can cause drooling, vomiting and lethargy, while the acidic flesh also irritates the gut; pomelo is sugary, so cats are best not fed it at all.

Cats need no vegetables, so a teaspoon of cooked chopped cabbage is at most a novel treat that adds a little fibre.

Lemon's strong acid and the limonene in its peel and essential oil irritate cats readily, causing drooling, vomiting and lethargy; cats are especially sensitive to citrus oils.

Cats need no vegetables, so a small washed sprig of watercress is at most a novel treat that adds a little water.

A kumquat is a citrus fruit, and **citrus peel and oils hold limonene and other irritants** that cats are especially sensitive to, while the seeds and stem end are unsafe too; cats need no fruit, so the safest choice is none at all.

Cats need no vegetables, so one small peeled, cooked piece of water chestnut is at most a novel treat with a little water and fibre.

A little flesh is usually harmless, but the pit and leaves hold cyanogenic compounds that release cyanide when chewed, and the pit can also choke or obstruct the gut; nectarines are sugary, so cats are best not fed them.

Apricot flesh is sugary and can loosen a cat's stool; **the pit and bitter kernels hold amygdalin**, which releases cyanide when chewed, and the pit can also obstruct the gut, so remove it every time. Cats need no fruit.

Cats need no vegetables, so a teaspoon of cooked chopped greens is at most a novel treat with a little fibre.

Cats need no vegetables, so one small cooked piece of winter melon is at most a novel treat that adds water and a little fibre for almost no calories.

Loquat flesh is sugary and can loosen a cat's stool; **the seed and leaves contain cyanogenic compounds** that release cyanide when chewed, and the seed can obstruct the gut, so remove them completely. Cats need no fruit.

Cats need no vegetables, so a small piece of cooked chayote is at most a novel treat with a little water and fibre.

Cats need no fruit and lychee is very sugary, so it readily causes vomiting and loose stools; the stone and skin can also choke or obstruct, a risk that far outweighs any treat value for a cat.

Raw bamboo shoots hold cyanogenic compounds (taxiphyllin) and coarse fibre that cause vomiting and diarrhoea in cats too, as heat must break them down; cats need no such vegetable, so **cook it through, chop it and offer only a tiny amount**.

Cats need no fruit, so ripe mulberry is at most a tiny taste experience with a little water and fibre.

The calcium oxalate needles and irritant proteins in raw taro sting a cat's mouth and throat, so raw or half-cooked taro is a food to avoid; cats need no such vegetable, and a thoroughly cooked peeled piece is at most a tiny novel treat.

The strong acid in passion fruit irritates a cat's mouth and gut, causing drooling, vomiting or loose stools, while the rind and seeds are hard to digest and carry choking and obstruction risks, so cats are best not fed it.

Cats need no vegetables, so a teaspoon of cooked chopped leaves is at most a novel treat with a little fibre.

Cats need no fruit, so one small peeled piece of guava is at most a novel treat with a little water and fibre.

Raw alfalfa sprouts carry a high load of Salmonella and E. coli and cause the same diarrhoea in cats; cats have no need for sprouts, so a thoroughly cooked portion is at most a novel treat.

Dates are extremely sugary and cats handle sugar poorly, so even a little can cause vomiting and diarrhoea; **the hard, pointed stone can choke or obstruct the gut, so always pit it**, and cats have no need for this fruit.

Cats need no vegetables, so a small piece of peeled, softly cooked burdock is at most a novel treat that adds a little dietary fibre.

Prunes concentrate sugar and fibre, so a cat can get loose stools or diarrhoea from very little; the stone is hard and, like other plum stones, holds cyanogenic compounds, so always pit the fruit, and cats need no such fruit anyway.

Chicory greens give cats no nutrition, at most a small fibrous leaf to sniff at.

The oxalate and neurotoxin in starfruit are cleared by the kidneys, so **cats with kidney disease must never eat it**; it builds up and can cause hiccup-like movements, vomiting and seizures. Cats need no fruit, so healthy cats are best not fed it either.

Jujubes are very sugary and cats handle sugar poorly, so a small piece can cause vomiting and loose stools; **the hard, pointed stone must always be removed**, as it can choke or obstruct the gut, and cats have no need for this fruit.

Endive offers cats no nutritional value, at most a small fibrous leaf to sniff at.

Cats need no vegetables, so one small cooked piece of raab is at most a novel treat and adds almost nothing they require.

As in dogs, cats can develop gastrointestinal and neurological signs after solanine exposure, and their smaller size lowers tolerance.

As in dogs, oxalate causes low blood calcium and kidney injury, and the risk is higher for smaller cats.